A verse of the Quran a day to cover the entire year, 365 verses of the Quran in total with commentary and lessons to learn. Taken from classical and relied upon Tafasirs. With additional lessons and wisdoms extracted from the verses of the Quran. The Quran is truly a source of guidance in every walk of life.

 

 

Day 1 – All mankind is equal by Allah except by piety 

Day 2 – Assist each other in good and not evil 

Day 3 – Most Comprehensive verse

[More content to follow Insha-Allah]

 

 

Day 1 – All mankind is equal by Allah except by piety

 

يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلنَّاسُ إِنَّا خَلَقْنَـٰكُم مِّن ذَكَرٍۢ وَأُنثَىٰ وَجَعَلْنَـٰكُمْ شُعُوبًۭا وَقَبَآئِلَ لِتَعَارَفُوٓا۟ ۚ إِنَّ أَكْرَمَكُمْ عِندَ ٱللَّهِ أَتْقَىٰكُمْ ۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ خَبِيرٌۭ ١٣

 

O humanity! Indeed, We created you from a male and a female, and made you into peoples and tribes so that you may ˹get to˺ know one another. Surely the most noble of you in the sight of Allah is the most righteous among you. Allah is truly All-Knowing, All-Aware. [49:13]

 

Commentary

 

يَقُولُ تَعَالَى مُخْبِرًا لِلنَّاسِ أَنَّهُ خَلَقَهُمْ مِنْ نَفْسٍ وَاحِدَةٍ، وَجَعَلَ مِنْهَا زَوْجَهَا، وَهُمَا آدَمُ وَحَوَّاءُ، وَجَعَلَهُمْ شُعُوبًا

 

Imam Ibn Kathir [774 AH] comments under this verse: Allah informs us that he created mankind from a single soul, which is Adam and Hawa [Allah bless them]. Allah then split mankind into [different] nations. [End Quote]

 

 

Imam Baghawi [516 AH] mentions in his Tafsir Book ‘Ma’alim Tanzil’:

 

 

إِنَّكُمْ مُتَسَاوُونَ فِي النَّسَبِ

 

 

You are all equal in lineage [as all mankinds lineage goes back to Adam and Hawa] [End Quote]

 

 

Imam Suyuti [911 AH] adds a Hadith to explain the above verse in ‘Durr al-Manthoor’: 

 

وأخْرَجَ ابْنُ مَرْدُويَهْ والبَيْهَقِيُّ، عَنْ جابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قالَ: «خَطَبَنا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ في وسَطِ أيّامِ التَّشْرِيقِ خُطْبَةَ الوَداعِ فَقالَ: يا أيُّها النّاسُ، ألا إنَّ رَبَّكم واحِدٌ، ألا إنَّ أباكم واحِدٌ، ألّا لا فَضْلَ لِعَرَبِيٍّ عَلى أعْجَمِيٍّ، ولا لِعَجَمِيِّ عَلى عَرَبِيٍّ، ولا لِأسْوَدَ عَلى أحْمَرَ، ولا لِأحْمَرَ عَلى أسْوَدَ إلّا بِالتَّقْوى، إنَّ أكْرَمَكم عِنْدَ اللَّهِ أتْقاكُمْ، ألا هَلْ بَلَّغْتُ؟ قالُوا: بَلى، يا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ. قالَ: فَلْيُبَلِّغِ الشّاهِدُ الغائِبَ» .

 

Jabir ibn Abdullah reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, addressed us during the middle of the day at the end of the pilgrimage in the farewell sermon. The Prophet said, “O people, your Lord is one and your father Adam is one. There is no virtue of an Arab over a foreigner, nor a foreigner over an Arab, and neither white over black nor black over white, except by righteousness. Have I not delivered the message?” They said, “Of course, O Messenger of Allah.” The Prophet said, “Let the witness inform those who are absent.” [Baihaqi] [End Quote]

 

The Hadith teaches us that all are equal by Allah, and piety is the path to gain closeness to Allah. 

 

Wisdom of verse

 

• The most virtuous and honourable in the sight of Allah is the one who does righteous actions and the one who observes piety [Taqwa], and not lineage. Tafsir Mawardi [450 AH] states:

 

إنَّ أفْضَلَكم، والكَرَمُ بِالعَمَلِ والتَّقْوى لا بِالنَّسَبِ. 

 

Surely the best of you is the one who carries out good deeds and is mindful of Allah, and not lineage. 

 

Wisdom of verse

 

• The criteria of gaining proximity to Allah is fulfilling what Allah has commanded and abstaining from the prohibitions. Tafsir al-Hidayah ila Bulugh al-Nihayah [347 AH] mentions:

 

أفضلكم عند الله أتقاكم لارتكاب ما نهى الله سبحانه عنه، وأعمالكم لما أمر الله تعالى به

 

The most virtuous of you by Allah is the one with the most Taqwa and righteous actions [due to abstaining from what is forbidden and fulfilling what Allah has commanded]. 

 

Wisdom of verse

 

• Several Tafasirs [such as Ruhul Ma’ani] have quoted the following Hadith:

 

عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ ‏ “‏ إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ أَذْهَبَ عَنْكُمْ عُبِّيَّةَ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ إِنَّمَا هُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ تَقِيٌّ وَفَاجِرٌ شَقِيٌّ النَّاسُ كُلُّهُمْ بَنُو آدَمَ وَآدَمُ خُلِقَ مِنْ تُرَابٍ ‏”

 

Narrated Abu Hurairah [Allah bless him]:

 

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: “Indeed Allah has removed the pride of Jahiliyyah from you, and its boasting about lineage. [Indeed a person is either] a pious believer, or a miserable sinner. And people are all the children of Adam, and Adam was [created] from dust.“

 

[Sunan Tirmidhi:3955]

 

Then the Prophet  (ﷺ) recited the above verse till the end. We learn from this that every human is either one of two. A pious believer or a sinner, and lineage holds no weight in the sight of Allah. All mankind are the children of Adam. 

 

---

Day  2– Assist each other in good and not evil

 

 

وَتَعَاوَنُوا۟ عَلَى ٱلْبِرِّ وَٱلتَّقْوَىٰ ۖ وَلَا تَعَاوَنُوا۟ عَلَى ٱلْإِثْمِ وَٱلْعُدْوَٰنِ ۚ

 

‘Cooperate with one another in goodness and righteousness, and do not cooperate in sin and transgression.’ [5:2]

 

Commentary 

 

Addressing the believers Allah tells us to assist one another in righteous actions and not to assist one another in sin. 

 

Imam Ibn Kathir [774 AH] comments under this verse: 

 

يَأْمُرُ تَعَالَى عِبَادَهُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ بِالْمُعَاوَنَةِ عَلَى فِعْلِ الْخَيْرَاتِ، وَهُوَ الْبَرُّ، وَتَرْكِ الْمُنْكِرَاتِ وَهُوَ التَّقْوَى، وَيَنْهَاهُمْ عَنِ التناصر على الباطل.

 

‘Allah commands his believing servants with assisting one another in righteous actions and this is piety [birr]. Also, to abstain from prohibited actions and this is God Consciousness [Taqwa]. [Finally] Allah forbids the believers to assist in falsehood [and anything similar like sin].’

 

Imam Ibn Kathir [in the above passage] defines two terms which are – 

 

• [Birr] which is translated generally as piety. This is when anybody carries out good actions.
• [Taqwa] which is translated generally as God-Consciousness. This is when anybody abstains from sins. 

 

[End Quote]

 

قَالَ الْأَخْفَشُ: هُوَ مَقْطُوعٌ مِنْ أَوَّلِ الْكَلَامِ، وَهُوَ أَمْرٌ لِجَمِيعِ الْخَلْقِ بِالتَّعَاوُنِ عَلَى الْبِرِّ وَالتَّقْوَى، أَيْ لِيُعِنْ بَعْضُكُمْ بَعْضًا، وَتَحَاثُّوا عَلَى مَا أَمَرَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى وَاعْمَلُوا بِهِ، وَانْتَهُوا عَمَّا نَهَى اللَّهُ عَنْهُ وَامْتَنِعُوا مِنْهُ، وَهَذَا مُوَافِقٌ لِمَا رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: (الدَّالُّ عَلَى الْخَيْرِ كَفَاعِلِهِ)

 

Imam Qurtubi [671 AH] states:

 

al-Ahfas [Allah bless him] mentions: This part of the verse applies to everybody, which is to help and assist one another with goodness. Also, it encourages one to fulfill what Allah has commanded, and to desist from what Allah has prohibited. 

 

[3 aspects are mentioned]:

 

1. Help and assist one another in goodness
2. Fulfill what Allah commanded
3. Abstain from what Allah has prohibited. 

 

The following hadith supports the verse outlined:

 

عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، قَالَ أَتَى النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم رَجُلٌ يَسْتَحْمِلُهُ فَلَمْ يَجِدْ عِنْدَهُ مَا يَتَحَمَّلُهُ فَدَلَّهُ عَلَى آخَرَ فَحَمَلَهُ ‏.‏ فَأَتَى النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَأَخْبَرَهُ فَقَالَ ‏ “‏ إِنَّ الدَّالَّ عَلَى الْخَيْرِ كَفَاعِلِهِ ‏”‏ ‏.

 

Narrated Anas bin Malik [Allah be pleased with him]:

“A man came to the Prophet (ﷺ) to get a mount, but he (ﷺ) did not have anything to mount him on with him. So he was lead to another person to give him a mount. He came to the Prophet (ﷺ) to inform him about that and he said: ‘Whoever leads to good, he is like the one who does it.’“

 

[Sunan al-Tirmidhi: 2670]

 

Wisdom of Verse

 

وَقَالَ الْمَاوَرْدِيُّ: نَدَبَ اللَّهُ سُبْحَانَهُ إِلَى التَّعَاوُنِ بِالْبِرِّ وَقَرَنَهُ بِالتَّقْوَى لَهُ، لِأَنَّ فِي التَّقْوَى رِضَا اللَّهِ تَعَالَى، وَفِي الْبِرِّ رِضَا النَّاسِ، وَمَنْ جَمَعَ بَيْنَ رِضَا اللَّهِ تَعَالَى وَرِضَا النَّاسِ فَقَدْ تَمَّتْ سَعَادَتُهُ وَعَمَّتْ نِعْمَتُهُ.

 

A summary of what Imam al-Mawardi [Allah bless him] states above is:

 

• In Taqwa [God Consciousness] is the pleasure of Allah
• In Birr [piety] is the pleasure of the people 

 

Whomsoever gathers between both of them then he has attained his happiness and has made his blessing widespread. 

 

Wisdom of Verse

 

Imam Qurtubi [671 AH] mentions the following: 

 

وَقَالَ ابْنُ خُوَيْزِ مَنْدَادٍ فِي أَحْكَامِهِ: وَالتَّعَاوُنُ عَلَى الْبِرِّ وَالتَّقْوَى يَكُونُ بِوُجُوهٍ، فَوَاجِبٌ عَلَى الْعَالِمِ أَنْ يُعِينَ النَّاسَ بِعِلْمِهِ فَيُعَلِّمُهُمْ، وَيُعِينُهُمُ الْغَنِيُّ بِمَالِهِ، وَالشُّجَاعُ بِشَجَاعَتِهِ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ، وَأَنْ يَكُونَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ مُتَظَاهِرِينَ كَالْيَدِ الْوَاحِدَةِ

 

Assisting in good can occur in several ways:

 

• A scholar spreading knowledge among the masses
• A rich person assisting through his wealth
• A brave person in the path of Allah

 

The muslims are like one hand [assisting each other]. [ENQ QUOTE]

 

Wisdom of verse

 

Imam Baghawi [516 AH] gives the definition of birr [piety] quoting the following hadith:

 

وعن النواس بن سمعان رضي الله عنه عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال‏:‏ البر حسن الخلق، والإثم ما حاك فى نفسك، وكرهت أن يطلع عليه الناس” ‏(‏‏(‏رواه مسلم‏)‏‏)‏‏.‏

 

An-Nawwas bin Sam’an (May Allah be pleased with him) reported:

The Prophet (ﷺ) said, “Piety is good conduct, and sin is that which creates doubt and you do not like people to know of it.“

[Source: Sahih Muslim] 

 

[End Quote]

 

Wisdom of verse

 

Another definition is given in Tafsir Sam’ani [489 AH]:

 

وَفِيه قَول آخر: أَن الْبر الْإِسْلَام، وَالتَّقوى: السّنة.

 

Birr is ‘Islam’ and taqwa is ‘the Sunnah’. 

 

الْإِثْم: الْكفْر، والعدوان: الْبِدْعَة

 

Sin is disbelief and transgression is innovation. [End quote]

 

Ahadith on this topic:

 

Below we have collected Ahadith on this subject along with its translation:

 

Ahadith on the reward for calling towards good and the sin for calling towards to evil

 

Hadith 1

 

عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ ‏ “‏ مَنْ دَعَا إِلَى هُدًى كَانَ لَهُ مِنَ الأَجْرِ مِثْلُ أُجُورِ مَنْ تَبِعَهُ لاَ يَنْقُصُ ذَلِكَ مِنْ أُجُورِهِمْ شَيْئًا وَمَنْ دَعَا إِلَى ضَلاَلَةٍ كَانَ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الإِثْمِ مِثْلُ آثَامِ مَنْ تَبِعَهُ لاَ يَنْقُصُ ذَلِكَ مِنْ آثَامِهِمْ شَيْئًا ‏”‏ ‏.‏

 

Abu Huraira [Allah bless him] reported Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) as saying:

 

‘He who called (people) to righteousness, there would be reward (assured) for him like the rewards of those who adhered to it, without their rewards being diminished in any respect. And he who called (people) to error, he shall have to carry (the burden) of its sin, like those who committed it, without their sins being diminished in any respect.’

 

[Sahih Muslim: 2674]

 

Hadith 2

 

عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، قَالَ أَتَى النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم رَجُلٌ يَسْتَحْمِلُهُ فَلَمْ يَجِدْ عِنْدَهُ مَا يَتَحَمَّلُهُ فَدَلَّهُ عَلَى آخَرَ فَحَمَلَهُ ‏.‏ فَأَتَى النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَأَخْبَرَهُ فَقَالَ ‏ “‏ إِنَّ الدَّالَّ عَلَى الْخَيْرِ كَفَاعِلِهِ ‏”‏ ‏.

 

Narrated Anas bin Malik [Allah be pleased with him]:

 

“A man came to the Prophet (ﷺ) to get a mount, but he (ﷺ) did not have anything to mount him on with him. So he was lead to another person to give him a mount. He came to the Prophet (ﷺ) to inform him about that and he said: ‘Whoever leads to good, he is like the one who does it.’“

 

[Sunan al-Tirmidhi: 2670]

 

Hadith 3

 

عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْد ٍ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ سَمِعَ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَقُولُ يَوْمَ خَيْبَرَ ‏”‏ لأُعْطِيَنَّ الرَّايَةَ رَجُلاً يَفْتَحُ اللَّهُ عَلَى يَدَيْهِ ‏”‏‏.‏ فَقَامُوا يَرْجُونَ لِذَلِكَ أَيُّهُمْ يُعْطَى، فَغَدَوْا وَكُلُّهُمْ يَرْجُو أَنْ يُعْطَى فَقَالَ ‏”‏ أَيْنَ عَلِيٌّ ‏”‏‏.‏ فَقِيلَ يَشْتَكِي عَيْنَيْهِ، فَأَمَرَ فَدُعِيَ لَهُ، فَبَصَقَ فِي عَيْنَيْهِ، فَبَرَأَ مَكَانَهُ حَتَّى كَأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ بِهِ شَىْءٌ فَقَالَ نُقَاتِلُهُمْ حَتَّى يَكُونُوا مِثْلَنَا‏.‏ فَقَالَ ‏”‏ عَلَى رِسْلِكَ حَتَّى تَنْزِلَ بِسَاحَتِهِمْ، ثُمَّ ادْعُهُمْ إِلَى الإِسْلاَمِ، وَأَخْبِرْهُمْ بِمَا يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَوَاللَّهِ لأَنْ يُهْدَى بِكَ رَجُلٌ وَاحِدٌ خَيْرٌ لَكَ مِنْ حُمْرِ النَّعَمِ ‏”‏‏.‏

 

Narrated Sahl bin Sa`d:

 

That he heard the Prophet (ﷺ) on the day (of the battle) of Khaibar saying, “I will give the flag to a person at whose hands Allah will grant victory.” So, the companions of the Prophet (ﷺ) got up, wishing eagerly to see to whom the flag will be given, and everyone of them wished to be given the flag. But the Prophet asked for `Ali [Allah bless him]. Someone informed him that he was suffering from eye-trouble. So, he ordered them to bring `Ali [Allah bless him] in front of him. Then the Prophet (ﷺ) spat in his eyes and his eyes were cured immediately as if he had never any eye-trouble. `Ali [Allah bless him] said, “We will fight with them (i.e. infidels) till they become like us (i.e. Muslims).” The Prophet (ﷺ) said, “Be patient, till you face them and invite them to Islam and inform them of what Allah has enjoined upon them. By Allah! If a single person embraces Islam at your hands (i.e. through you), that will be better for you than the red camels.”

 

[Sahih Bukhari]

 

Hadith 4 

 

عَنْ أَنَسٍ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏”‏ انْصُرْ أَخَاكَ ظَالِمًا أَوْ مَظْلُومًا ‏”‏‏.‏ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَنْصُرُهُ إِذَا كَانَ مَظْلُومًا، أَفَرَأَيْتَ إِذَا كَانَ ظَالِمًا كَيْفَ أَنْصُرُهُ قَالَ ‏”‏ تَحْجُزُهُ أَوْ تَمْنَعُهُ مِنَ الظُّلْمِ، فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ نَصْرُهُ ‏”‏‏.‏

 

Narrated Anas [Allah bless him]:

 

Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said, “Help your brother whether he is an oppressor or an oppressed,” A man said, “O Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ)! I will help him if he is oppressed, but if he is an oppressor, how shall I help him?” The Prophet (ﷺ) said, “By preventing him from oppressing (others), for that is how to help him.”

 

[Sahih Bukhari: 6952]

 

Hadith 5

 

عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ وَثَّابٍ، عَنْ شَيْخٍ، مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ ‏ “‏الْمُسْلِمَ إِذَا كَانَ يُخَالِطَ النَّاسَ وَيَصْبِرُ عَلَى أَذَاهُمْ خَيْرٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِ الَّذِي لاَ يُخَالِطُ النَّاسَ وَلاَ يَصْبِرُ عَلَى أَذَاهُمْ ‏”‏ 

 

Yahya bin Wath-thab narrated:

 

“From a Shaikh among the Companions of the Prophet (s.a.w) , I think it is from the Prophet(s.a.w), who said: ‘The Muslim who mixes with the people and he is patient with their harm is better than the Muslim who does not mix with the people and is not patient with their harm.'”

 

[Sunan al-Tirmidhi: 2507]

 

ورَوى الطَّبَرانِيُّ والضِّياءُ المَقْدِسِيُّ عَنْ أوْسِ بْنِ شُرَحْبِيلَ أنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قالَ: ««مَن مَشى مَعَ ظالِمٍ لِيُعِينَهُ، وهو يَعْلَمُ أنَّهُ ظالِمٌ، فَقَدْ خَرَجَ مِنَ الإسْلامِ

 

‘Whoever walks with an oppressor so that he can assist him, whilst knowing he is an oppressor, has left Islam’. 

 

[Tabrani: 266] 

 

 

 

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Day 3 – Most comprehensive verse

 

۞ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَأْمُرُ بِٱلْعَدْلِ وَٱلْإِحْسَـٰنِ وَإِيتَآئِ ذِى ٱلْقُرْبَىٰ وَيَنْهَىٰ عَنِ ٱلْفَحْشَآءِ وَٱلْمُنكَرِ وَٱلْبَغْىِ ۚ يَعِظُكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَذَكَّرُونَ ٩٠

 

Indeed, Allah commands justice, grace, as well as generosity to close relatives. He forbids indecency, wickedness, and aggression. He instructs you so perhaps you will be mindful. [16:90]

 

 

There are 3 commands in this verse which are:

 

1. al-Adl [Being fair and just]
2. al-Ihsan [Being good to the people and worshipping Allah]
3. Maintaining family ties

 

 

There are also 3 prohibitions:

 

1. Indecency
2. Wickedness
3. Aggression

 

 

Imam al-Tabari [310 AH] comments under this verse:

 

Almighty Allah commands us that we be just. From being just is:

 

يقول تعالى ذكره: إن الله يأمر في هذا الكتاب الذي أنزله إليك يا محمد بالعدل، وهو الإنصاف، ومن الإنصاف: الإقرار بمن أنعم علينا بنعمته، والشكر له على إفضاله، وتولي الحمد أهله.

 

Acknowledging those who have done a favour upon us, thanking them for their kindness and praising those who are deserving of this praise. 

 

 

ولذلك قال من قال: العدل في هذا الموضع شهادة أن لا إله إلا الله.

 

This is why some commentators of the Quran state: al-Adl [Justice] in this verse means ‘believing in the oneness of Allah’. 

 

 

 

A statement from Abdullah Ibn Abbas [Allah bless him]

 

 

سمعت عبد الله يقول: إن أجمع آية في القرآن لخير أو لشر، آية في سورة النحل ﴿إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْمُرُ بِالْعَدْلِ وَالإحْسَانِ﴾ …. الآية.

 

 

 

The most comprehensive verse in the Quran with regards to good and evil is the verse of Surah Nahl [above verse]

 

 

[End quote Tafsir al-Tabari]

 

 

رُوِيَ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ مَظْعُونٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ قَرَأْتُهَا عَلَى عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ فَتَعَجَّبَ فَقَالَ: يا آل غالب، اتبعوه تفلحوا، فو الله إِنَّ اللَّهَ أَرْسَلَهُ لِيَأْمُرَكُمْ بِمَكَارِمِ الْأَخْلَاقِ.

 

 

It is narrated from Uthman Ibn Madhoon [Radiyallahu anhu]:

 

“When this verse was revealed, I recited it to Ali [Radiyallhu anhu] and he was amazed. He replied: ‘O’ Family of Ghalib, adhere to this verse and you will be successful. By Allah! Surely Allah revealed this verse, commanding you to adopt excellent character.’ “ [Extracted from Tafsir Qurtubi]

 

Below we will break down all the commands and prohibitions

 

Al-Adl

 

الْعَدْلُ هُوَ كُلُّ مَفْرُوضٍ، مِنْ عَقَائِدَ وَشَرَائِعَ فِي أَدَاءِ الْأَمَانَاتِ، وَتَرْكُ الظُّلْمِ وَالْإِنْصَافُ، وَإِعْطَاءُ الْحَقِّ

 

al-Adl is everything that is necessary. From beliefs to laws and Injunctions, such as fulfilling trusts, leaving oppression, being just and fulfilling rights. 

 

[Tafsir Qurtubi] 

 

al-Adl is usually translated as being just, fair and other similar translations. However it is deeper than that as we can see from the above definition from Tafsir al-Qurtubi. 

 

Being just and fair not only towards the people but also towards Allah. Which means believing in the oneness of Allah, acknowledging his favours and that he has no partners. This is the highest level of al-Adl.

 

Being just and fair towards the people is also extremely important, hence Allah has obligated it to us. Being fair with the people, giving them the rights and not oppressing them, whether that be physically, mentally or verbally. 

 

This is such an important quality that even being fair to yourself, which is acknowledging within yourself that you have made an error. Allah says: 

 

Al-Ihsan

 

A summary of the explanation by Imam Baghawi [516 AH] regarding Ihsan:

 

Ihsan is the act of doing righteous actions, for Allah, and for others. 

 

Allah says:

وَبِٱلْوَٰلِدَيْنِ  إحْسانًا [الإسراء: ٢٣]

And honour your parents [17:23]

 

 

Also: 

 

وَأَحْسِن كَمَآ أَحْسَنَ ٱللَّهُ إِلَيْكَ ٧٧

 

And be good ˹to others˺ as Allah has been good to you.” [28:77]

 

 

 

As for Allah, then The Messenger of Allah ﷺ says regarding the definition of Ihsan: 

 

أَنْ تَعْبُدَ اللَّهَ كَأَنَّكَ تَرَاهُ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّهُ يَرَاكَ

 

That you worship Allah as if you are seeing Him, for though you don’t see Him, He, verily, sees you.

 

Maintaining family ties

 

Allah also says in this verse: ‘Generosity to close relatives’ which can be fulfilled by giving charity to close relatives [that are in need], and also صِلَةُ الرَّحِمِ [maintaining family ties]. [Summarised from Tafsir Baghawi]

 

Prohibitions

 

Imam Razi [] explains regarding Fahish [indecency]:

كُلُّ الذُّنُوبِ، سَواءٌ كانَتْ صَغِيرَةً أوْ كَبِيرَةً، وسَواءٌ كانَتْ في القَوْلِ أوْ في الفِعْلِ

It is all types of sins, minor or major and statements and actions.

 

Regarding Munkar Imam Baghawi  [wickedness]:

 

مَا لَا يُعْرَفُ فِي شَرِيعَةٍ وَلَا سُنَّةٍ

[According to a narration of Muqatil – Allah bless him – it means Shirk]  

 

And aggression:

 

الْكِبْرُ وَالظُّلْمُ

Pride and oppression 

 

Another summarized definition is mentioned in ‘Tafsir Sa’di’:

 

والبغي كل عدوان على الخلق في الدماء والأموال والأعراض

 

It is all forms of aggression towards the creation in terms of blood, wealth, or honour. 

 

 

 

 

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More content to follow Insha-Allah